143/2002 - 5 December 2002
EU enlargement
Key structural data for the 10 Acceding Countries
Enlargement will be the main topic at the forthcoming European Council of Heads of State or Government to be held on 12 and 13 December 2002 in Copenhagen. Enlargement negotiations should be concluded with up to 10 countries: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.
For this event, Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities in Luxembourg, publishes today a compilation of economic and social indicators1 concerning the 10 Acceding Countries.
Acceding countries: 20% more EU citizens
|
Capital city |
Average population in 2001 |
Area km2 |
Currency |
Euro exchange rates in October 2002 |
||
|
Total, mio |
% aged < 15 |
|||||
|
Cyprus* |
Nicosia |
0.8 |
21.9 |
9 251 |
Cyprus Pound |
0.57 |
|
Czech Republic |
Prague |
10.3 |
16.1 |
78 886 |
Czech Koruna |
30.66 |
|
Estonia |
Tallinn |
1.4 |
17.7 |
45 227 |
Kroon |
15.65 |
|
Hungary |
Budapest |
10.2 |
16.5 |
93 030 |
Forint |
243.53 |
|
Latvia |
Riga |
2.4 |
17.0 |
64 589 |
Lats |
0.60 |
|
Lithuania |
Vilnius |
3.5 |
19.3 |
65 300 |
Litas |
3.45 |
|
Malta |
Valletta |
0.4 |
20.1 |
316 |
Maltese Lira |
0.41 |
|
Poland |
Warsaw |
38.6 |
18.5 |
312 685 |
New Zloty |
4.04 |
|
Slovakia |
Bratislava |
5.4 |
19.2 |
49 035 |
Slovak Koruna |
41.80 |
|
Slovenia |
Ljubljana |
2.0 |
15.6 |
20 273 |
Slovenian Tolar |
228.73 |
|
Acc. countries |
74.8 |
17.9 |
738 592 |
|||
|
EU 15 |
378.7 |
16.8** |
3 191 120 |
|||
* Data on total population and area refer to the whole of Cyprus. All other figures refer to the Government controlled area only.
** 2000 data
Highest life expectancy in Malta, Cyprus and Slovenia
|
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2001* |
Infant mortality per 1 000 live births in 2001** |
Number of physicians per 100 000 inhabitants, 2000*** |
Number of hospital beds per 100 000 inhabitants, 2000**** |
||
|
Men |
Women |
||||
|
Cyprus |
75.3 |
80.4 |
4.9 |
248 |
: |
|
Czech Republic |
71.7 |
78.4 |
4.0 |
373 |
1 093 |
|
Estonia |
64.7 |
76.2 |
8.8 |
286 |
683 |
|
Hungary |
67.1 |
75.7 |
8.1 |
361 |
839 |
|
Latvia |
65.2 |
76.6 |
11.0 |
314 |
855 |
|
Lithuania |
65.9 |
77.4 |
7.9 |
379 |
923 |
|
Malta |
76.1 |
80.8 |
4.4 |
269 |
544 |
|
Poland |
70.2 |
78.4 |
7.7 |
220 |
494 |
|
Slovakia |
69.1 |
77.2 |
6.2 |
358 |
1 042 |
|
Slovenia |
72.1 |
79.6 |
4.2 |
215 |
541 |
|
Acc. countries |
70.3 |
78.1 |
7.1 |
324 |
672 |
|
EU 15 |
75.3 |
81.4 |
4.6 |
375 |
630 |
* Hungary, Slovakia, EU15: 2000, Cyprus: 1999
** EU15: 2000 data
*** Cyprus, Hungary, Slovakia, EU15: 1999
**** EU15: 1999, Acc. Countries aggregate excluding Cyprus
: data not available
Acceding countries: GDP 5% of the EU15 total
|
GDP |
Sectoral breakdown of Gross Value Added in 2001 in % |
||||
|
bn euro, 2001 |
Volume per head* EU15=100 2000** |
Agriculture |
Industry |
Services |
|
|
Cyprus |
10.2 |
78 |
3.9 |
19.5 |
76.6 |
|
Czech Republic |
63.3 |
56 |
4.2 |
40.0 |
55.8 |
|
Estonia |
6.2 |
40 |
5.8 |
28.7 |
65.5 |
|
Hungary |
57.8 |
51 |
4.3 |
32.0 |
63.7 |
|
Latvia |
8.5 |
31 |
4.7 |
24.9 |
70.4 |
|
Lithuania |
13.4 |
36 |
7.1 |
33.9 |
59.0 |
|
Malta |
4.0 |
: |
2.4 |
27.3 |
70.4 |
|
Poland |
196.7 |
40 |
3.4 |
32.9 |
63.7 |
|
Slovakia |
22.8 |
46 |
4.6 |
32.7 |
62.7 |
|
Slovenia |
20.9 |
68 |
3.1 |
36.8 |
60.1 |
|
Acc. countries |
403.9 |
: |
3.9 |
33.5 |
62.6 |
|
EU 15 |
8 827.1 |
100 |
2.1 |
27.4 |
70.5 |
* Data are expressed in terms of Purchasing Power Standards (PPS), a unit that is independent of any national currency and remove the distortions due to price level differences. The PPS value are derived by using Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) that are obtained as a weighted average of relative price ratios in respect of a homogeneous basket of goods and services, comparable and representative for each Member State.
** Revised data for 2000 and first results for 2001 will be published soon by Eurostat.
The share of employment in agriculture 3 times higher in average in the Acceding countries than in the EU15
|
Unemployment rate 2001 in % |
Employment rate** 2001 in % |
Sectoral breakdown of employment in 2001 in % |
|||||||
|
Total |
Female |
Under 25 |
Total |
Female |
Male |
Agriculture |
Industry |
Services |
|
|
Cyprus |
3.9 |
5.8 |
8.3 |
67.9 |
56.5 |
79.7 |
4.9 |
24.0 |
71.1 |
|
Czech Republic |
8.0 |
9.6 |
16.3 |
65.0 |
57.0 |
73.2 |
4.9 |
40.5 |
54.6 |
|
Estonia |
12.4 |
13.1 |
24.5 |
61.1 |
56.9 |
65.6 |
7.1 |
34.2 |
58.7 |
|
Hungary |
5.7 |
4.9 |
10.5 |
56.3 |
49.6 |
63.3 |
6.1 |
34.5 |
59.4 |
|
Latvia |
13.1 |
11.5 |
22.9 |
58.9 |
56.1 |
61.9 |
15.1 |
25.3 |
59.6 |
|
Lithuania |
16.5 |
13.5 |
30.9 |
58.6 |
57.4 |
59.8 |
16.5 |
27.2 |
56.3 |
|
Malta |
6.5 |
7.8 |
15.4 |
54.2 |
31.6 |
76.4 |
2.2 |
31.8 |
66.0 |
|
Poland |
18.4 |
20.0 |
41.5 |
53.8 |
48.4 |
59.2 |
19.2 |
30.7 |
50.1 |
|
Slovakia |
19.4 |
18.6 |
38.9 |
56.7 |
51.8 |
61.8 |
6.3 |
37.1 |
56.7 |
|
Slovenia |
5.7 |
6.0 |
15.7 |
63.6 |
58.6 |
68.5 |
9.9 |
38.6 |
51.4 |
|
Acc. countries* |
14.5 |
15.3 |
31.6 |
56.9 |
51.2 |
62.6 |
13.3 |
33.2 |
53.6 |
|
EU 15 |
7.2 |
8.3 |
13.9 |
63.8 |
54.8 |
72.9 |
4.3 |
26.4 |
69.3 |
All figures come from the 2001 Spring Labour Force Survey, except for Malta, where the data comes from national sources.
* Acc. Countries aggregate excluding Malta.
** Employment rates represent employed persons as a percentage of the same age population (15-64 years).
Labour costs2 vary in a ratio of 1 to 4 in the Acceding countries
|
Hourly labour costs* euros, 2000 |
|
|
Cyprus |
10.74 |
|
Czech Republic |
3.90 |
|
Estonia |
3.03 |
|
Hungary |
3.83 |
|
Latvia |
2.42 |
|
Lithuania |
2.71 |
|
Malta |
: |
|
Poland |
4.48 |
|
Slovakia |
3.06 |
|
Slovenia |
8.98 |
|
Acc. Countries** |
4.21 |
* Hourly labour costs: total annual labour costs divided by the total number of hours worked. The figures relate to industry and services.
** Acc. Countries aggregate excluding Malta.
: data not available.
More women than men with higher education in the Acceding countries – reverse in the EU15
|
Percentage of persons (25-64 years) with completed higher education*, 2001 |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as % of GDP, 2000 |
R&D personnel, per 1000 of labour force, 2000 |
|||
|
Total |
Women |
Men |
|||
|
Cyprus |
26.8 |
23.7 |
29.8 |
0.26 |
4.2 |
|
Czech Republic |
11.6 |
9.8 |
13.4 |
1.33 |
9.3 |
|
Estonia |
29.4 |
35.1 |
23.2 |
0.66 |
9.8 |
|
Hungary |
14.0 |
14.4 |
13.5 |
0.80 |
10.1 |
|
Latvia |
18.1 |
20.6 |
15.4 |
0.48 |
6.9 |
|
Lithuania |
: |
: |
: |
0.68*** |
8.2 |
|
Malta |
: |
: |
: |
: |
: |
|
Poland |
11.7 |
13.1 |
10.3 |
0.70 |
7.3 |
|
Slovakia |
10.7 |
10.3 |
12.1 |
0.67 |
8.5 |
|
Slovenia |
14.1 |
16.2 |
11.0 |
1.52 |
12.6 |
|
Acc. countries ** |
12.7 |
13.5 |
11.9 |
0.84 |
8.3 |
|
EU 15 |
21.6 |
20.1 |
23.0 |
1.94*** |
14.1*** |
* First and second stage of tertiary education (university or equivalent).
** Acc. countries aggregate excludes Malta and Lithuania.
*** 2001 data.
: data not available.
79% of total Foreign Direct Investment in Acceding countries comes from the EU in 2000, but they represent only 6% of the total EU FDI
|
EU FDI flows to Acceding countries (2000) |
Net trade*** with the world (bn euro) 20003 |
Degree of openness**** with the world (%) 20003 |
|||||
|
in % of total FDI flows to Acc. countries |
in % of total EU FDI |
Total |
Goods |
Services |
Goods |
Services |
|
|
Cyprus |
26.3 |
0.1 |
-606 |
-2 826 |
2 219 |
25.6 |
24.8 |
|
Czech Republic |
63.0* |
1.3 |
-1 861 |
-3 394 |
1 533 |
59.5 |
11.9 |
|
Estonia |
88.5 |
0.1 |
-228 |
-840 |
612 |
73.6 |
24.2 |
|
Hungary |
85.1 |
0.9 |
-360 |
-2 303 |
1 942 |
56.8 |
11.6 |
|
Latvia |
70.0 |
0.1 |
-673 |
-1 152 |
479 |
36.1 |
13.8 |
|
Lithuania |
44.8 |
0.1 |
-783 |
-1 195 |
411 |
40.8 |
7.7 |
|
Malta |
: |
0.0 |
-421 |
-673 |
252 |
78.3 |
27.8 |
|
Poland |
94.5 |
2.8 |
-11 806 |
-13 339 |
1 533 |
26.7 |
6.2 |
|
Slovakia |
94.9 |
0.4 |
-519 |
-994 |
475 |
62.7 |
10.5 |
|
Slovenia |
83.4 |
0.2 |
-730 |
-1 216 |
486 |
51.8 |
9.2 |
|
Acc. countries |
78.5** |
6.1 |
|||||
* 1999 data.
** Acc. countries aggregate exludes Malta.
*** Net trade: Exports minus imports.
**** Degree of openness: Average of exports and imports over GDP.
: data not available.
Share of food & non-alcoholic drinks consumption well above EU average in all Acceding countries
|
Household consumption expenditure, 2000 |
||||||
|
Total , bn euro |
Of which Food and non- alcoholic drinks % |
Of which Clothing and footwear % |
Of which Housing % |
Of which Transport % |
Of which Recreation and culture % |
|
|
Cyprus |
6.5 |
26.4 |
10.8 |
10.1 |
16.4 |
9.4 |
|
Czech Republic |
29.6 |
20.0 |
5.7 |
21.5 |
10.7 |
10.9 |
|
Estonia |
3.2 |
29.1 |
6.0 |
23.4 |
14.5 |
7.1 |
|
Hungary |
25.7 |
20.7 |
5.5 |
20.0 |
15.4 |
9.2 |
|
Latvia |
4.8 |
25.6 |
10.9 |
14.9 |
9.3 |
5.6 |
|
Lithuania |
7.8 |
32.0 |
6.5 |
14.7 |
14.7 |
6.4 |
|
Malta |
2.5 |
21.5 |
7.2 |
5.7* |
17.3 |
9.6 |
|
Poland |
109.9 |
21.6 |
4.7 |
23.9 |
13.3 |
6.6 |
|
Slovakia |
11.0 |
27.0 |
6.9 |
20.7 |
9.6 |
6.8 |
|
Slovenia |
10.5 |
19.3 |
7.0 |
19.1 |
17.3 |
10.4 |
|
Acc. countries |
211.5 |
22.2 |
5.6 |
21.5 |
13.3 |
7.8 |
|
EU 15 |
4 852.5 |
12.8 |
6.5 |
21.0 |
14.0 |
9.8 |
* Figure to be interpreted with caution due to small sample size.
Estonia, Slovenia and Malta ahead in the use of internet
|
Number of cars per 100 inhabitants 2001 |
Number of mobile telephones per 100 inhabitants, 2001 |
Number of personal computers per 100 inhabitants, 2001 |
Number of Internet users per 100 inhabitants, 2001 |
|
|
Cyprus |
42 |
47 |
25 |
22 |
|
Czech Republic |
35 |
68 |
14 |
14 |
|
Estonia |
30 |
54 |
18 |
30 |
|
Hungary |
24 |
49 |
10 |
15 |
|
Latvia |
25 |
27 |
15 |
7 |
|
Lithuania |
33 |
29 |
7 |
7 |
|
Malta |
49 |
60 |
23 |
25 |
|
Poland |
27 |
25 |
9 |
10 |
|
Slovakia |
24 |
40 |
15 |
17 |
|
Slovenia |
43 |
76 |
28 |
30 |
|
Acc. countries |
29 |
38 |
11 |
13 |
|
EU 15 |
47* |
72 |
30 |
31 |
* 2000 data.
Latvia, Slovenia and Slovakia lead the use of renewable energy sources
|
Utilised agricultural area in % of total area, 2001 |
Contribution of electricity generated from renewables to total electricity consumption (in %), 2000 |
CO2 Emissions in t CO2 per inhabitant, 2000 |
Municipal waste produced in kg per inhabitant, 2000 |
|
|
Cyprus |
15.4 |
: |
9.27 |
679 |
|
Czech Republic |
54.3 |
2.8 |
12.44 |
334 |
|
Estonia |
19.7 |
0.2 |
12.28 |
461 |
|
Hungary |
61.3 |
0.5 |
5.91 |
453 |
|
Latvia |
38.5 |
47.7 |
4.51 |
301*** |
|
Lithuania |
53.4 |
3.4 |
2.87 |
294 |
|
Malta |
34.8 |
: |
6.43 |
494 |
|
Poland |
58.4 |
1.9 |
8.14 |
316** |
|
Slovakia |
44.2 |
17.8 |
7.92 |
316** |
|
Slovenia |
24.0 |
31.2 |
7.58 |
584**** |
|
Acc. countries |
51.3 |
5.3* |
8.12 |
394 |
|
EU 15 |
40.3 |
14.7 |
8.83 |
534 |
* Acc. countries aggregate excludes Cyprus and Malta.
** Municipal waste collected.
*** 2001.
**** 1998.
: data not available.
1. For further information, please see the Statistical Yearbook on Candidate and south-east European countries, ISBN 92-894-3487-2 and the leaflet Enlargement of the European Union.
2. For further information, please see the Statistics in Focus – theme 3 – 23/2002 Labour Costs Survey 2000 Candidate Countries
3.
For further information, please see the Statistics in Focus – theme 2 – 46/2002 International Services Transactions of Candidate Countries
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