This report presents the waste flows, the waste compositions, quantities of solid waste landfilled, some of the key emissions to air and to water, and the main contributions to climate change for each waste management scenario for each pilot region. The pilot studies highlight how life cycle thinking, and tools such as life cycle assessments (LCA), are essential in complimenting many traditional environmental impact assessments that have e.g. a more local or regulatory focus. The results take into account the emissions and resources consumed that are associated with e.g. energy recovery avoiding the use of other fuels, avoided use of conventional fertilizers through composting, and the avoidance of e.g. extracting and processing virgin materials by increasing recycling.
This report presents the study results of LCAs for municipal waste management, focusing on two of the JRC’s pilot study areas, Malta and Krakow (Poland). These detailed research studies use more robust assessment data than previous demonstration studies, consider the potential to use various approaches for conducting LCAs, apply cutting-edge life cycle impact assessment methodologies, and take into account the costs of different waste management options.
The fact sheets present information on the legislative waste framework and waste management plans for each country. They also present more specific information on legislation, policies, instruments and data for the waste streams of municipal waste, biodegradable waste and tyres.
The EEA is preparing assessments of the environmental impact of waste generation and management to support policies on sustainable consumption and production.
