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Research and development expenditure, by sectors of performance
% of GDP
All sectors
Code: tsc00001
Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a ...
more
sectperf
All sectors
Business enterprise sector
Government sector
Higher education sector
Private non-profit sector
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Flags
Codes
Labels
Codes & Labels
time
geo
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
EU (27 countries)
Euro area (17 countries)
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Norway
Switzerland
Montenegro
Croatia
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the
Turkey
United States
Japan
1.86
s
1.87
s
1.88
s
1.87
1.83
1.82
1.85
1.85
1.92
s
2.02
s
2.01
s
2.03
s
1.84
s
1.86
s
1.88
s
1.87
1.85
1.84
1.87
1.88
1.96
s
2.06
s
2.06
s
2.09
s
1.97
2.07
1.94
1.87
1.86
1.83
1.86
1.89
1.97
2.03
2.01
2.04
p
0.51
0.46
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.46
0.46
0.45
0.47
0.53
0.6
0.57
p
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.2
1.2
1.35
1.49
1.48
1.41
1.47
1.55
1.84
2.24
2.39
2.51
2.58
2.48
2.46
2.48
2.58
b
2.85
3.16
i
3.07
3.09
ep
2.47
2.47
2.5
2.54
2.5
2.51
2.54
2.53
2.69
2.82
2.8
2.84
e
0.6
0.7
0.72
0.77
0.85
0.93
1.13
1.08
1.28
1.43
1.63
2.38
p
1.11
1.09
1.1
1.16
1.23
1.25
1.25
1.29
1.46
1.76
e
1.71
e
1.72
ep
:
0.58
:
0.57
0.55
e
0.6
0.59
e
0.6
e
:
:
:
:
0.91
0.92
0.99
1.05
1.06
1.12
1.2
1.27
1.35
1.39
1.39
1.33
2.15
b
2.2
2.24
2.18
2.16
b
2.11
2.11
2.08
2.12
2.27
2.24
b
2.25
ep
1.04
1.08
1.12
1.1
1.09
1.09
1.13
1.17
1.21
1.26
1.26
1.25
p
0.25
0.26
0.3
0.35
0.37
0.41
0.43
0.44
0.43
0.49
0.5
0.48
p
0.45
0.41
0.42
0.38
0.42
0.56
0.7
0.6
0.62
0.46
0.6
0.7
p
0.59
0.67
0.66
0.67
0.75
0.75
0.79
0.81
0.8
0.84
0.8
0.92
p
1.65
:
:
1.65
1.63
1.56
1.66
1.58
e
1.66
1.72
1.48
1.43
ep
0.81
i
0.93
i
1
i
0.94
i
0.88
b
0.94
1.01
0.98
1
1.17
1.17
1.21
:
:
0.26
0.25
0.53
b
0.57
0.62
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.67
0.73
p
1.94
1.93
1.88
1.92
1.93
1.9
1.88
1.81
1.77
1.82
1.85
2.04
bp
1.93
e
2.05
e
2.12
2.24
e
2.24
2.46
e
2.44
2.51
2.67
e
2.71
2.79
e
2.75
ep
0.64
0.62
0.56
0.54
0.56
0.57
0.56
0.57
0.6
0.67
0.74
0.77
0.73
e
0.77
0.73
e
0.71
0.74
e
0.78
0.99
e
1.17
1.5
b
1.64
1.59
1.5
p
0.37
0.39
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.41
0.45
0.52
0.58
0.47
0.46
0.48
1.38
1.49
1.47
1.27
1.39
1.44
1.56
1.45
1.66
b
1.85
2.09
2.47
bp
0.65
0.63
0.57
0.57
0.51
0.51
0.49
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.63
0.68
3.35
3.32
3.36
3.44
3.45
3.48
3.48
3.47
3.7
3.94
3.9
3.78
:
4.13
i
:
3.8
i
3.58
i
3.56
b
3.68
ei
3.4
3.7
e
3.6
3.39
ei
3.37
bep
1.82
1.79
1.8
1.75
1.69
1.72
1.74
1.77
1.78
e
1.85
e
1.8
e
1.77
p
2.67
e
2.95
2.95
e
2.82
:
2.77
2.99
2.68
2.65
3.11
:
:
:
1.59
1.66
1.71
1.57
1.51
1.48
1.59
1.58
1.78
1.69
1.7
p
2.47
:
:
:
2.82
:
:
:
2.87
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
0.96
0.96
1.05
0.87
0.75
0.8
0.9
0.85
0.75
0.75
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
0.48
0.54
0.53
0.48
0.52
0.59
0.58
0.72
0.73
0.85
0.84
:
2.69
i
2.71
i
2.6
i
2.6
i
2.53
i
2.58
i
2.62
i
2.69
i
2.82
i
2.87
i
:
:
3
3.07
3.12
3.14
3.13
3.31
3.41
3.46
3.47
b
3.36
:
:
Source of Data: Eurostat
:=not available
s=Eurostat estimate
p=provisional
b=break in time series
i=see metadata
e=estimated
2.3.4-r1899-2013-02-26 (PROD)
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